Ancient civilizations around the world, particularly in regions like Cappadocia in Turkey and parts of India and Central Asia, built extensive underground structures that served multiple purposes. These complexes are not merely storage spaces; they include living quarters, ventilation systems, and communal areas, indicating a high level of social organization. One of the primary benefits of underground architecture is its ability to maintain a stable internal climate, remaining cool in hot conditions and warm during cold spells. This environmental stability was crucial for the survival of communities. Additionally, these structures provided safety from external threats, as evidenced by the design of places like Derinkuyu in Cappadocia, which featured narrow tunnels and hidden entrances. The construction of these underground complexes was a collaborative effort, reflecting the social dynamics and resource management of the time. Ultimately, the motivations for building underground are interconnected, involving environmental considerations, security needs, and social organization.