A recent phase 3 clinical trial published in The British Medical Journal assessed the safety and efficacy of two new tuberculosis vaccines, VPM1002 and Immuvac, in India. Conducted by researchers from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and others, the trial involved over 12,700 participants from 18 sites across six states and Union territories, including Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. While both vaccines were found to be safe and induced immune responses, they did not provide protection against all forms of microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis or prevent latent TB infections. Notably, VPM1002 showed a 50.4% effectiveness against extrapulmonary TB, which affects organs beyond the lungs and is often more fatal than pulmonary TB. Additionally, VPM1002 offered protection against all types of TB in children aged six to under-14, while Immuvac protected against extrapulmonary TB in children aged six to under-10. The study also highlighted that underweight individuals did not benefit from either vaccine, indicating a need for nutritional support alongside vaccination, especially for younger children.