Earnings Stagnation Among Indian Workers Revealed in 2025 Labour Survey
Periodic Labour Force Survey 2025: Earnings aren’t rising for large groups of Indian workers
Mint
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The National Statistical Office (NSO) released the 2025 Periodic Labour Force Survey, revealing stagnant earnings for many Indian workers. Casual male workers in rural areas saw a 3% decline in real earnings, while female wages rose slightly. The survey highlights the need for improved data on employment quality and earnings.
- 01Casual male workers in rural areas experienced a 3% decline in real earnings from 2022 to 2025.
- 02Female participation in the workforce has been gradually increasing over the last five years.
- 03Regular male workers saw earnings rise by just over 1% between 2022 and 2025.
- 04Urban self-employed workers experienced a 3.5% increase in earnings, driven by female workers.
- 05The survey emphasizes the importance of including data on employment quality and earnings in future reports.
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The National Statistical Office (NSO) has released the 2025 Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), indicating concerning trends in earnings among Indian workers. The survey, which has evolved since its inception in 2017, now includes expanded coverage and a new sampling strategy that allows for monthly estimates of employment and unemployment. Notably, earnings for rural male casual workers fell by 3% in real terms compared to 2024, marking a 2.4% annual decline from 2022 to 2025. Meanwhile, urban male casual workers also saw a slight decline of 0.2% per annum during the same period. In contrast, female wages have increased marginally, and regular male workers experienced a modest earnings rise of just over 1%. Urban self-employed workers reported a 3.5% increase in earnings, primarily due to growth among female workers, although rural self-employed workers faced a 1.3% annual decline. The survey underscores the stagnation of daily-wage workers' earnings, aligning with trends observed in other wage data. The NSO's initiative to provide monthly estimates is beneficial, yet it is crucial to supplement these with comprehensive data on earnings quality and employment conditions to enhance understanding of India's labor market dynamics.
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The stagnation in earnings for casual workers indicates economic challenges for low-income families, potentially affecting their spending power and quality of life.
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