Recent headlines have suggested that Neanderthal men had a preference for Sapiens women based on a study published in *Science*. However, the research indicates that while Neanderthal DNA is less frequent on the X chromosome, this does not equate to evidence of attraction or partner preference. Instead, it proposes that genetic patterns could result from various demographic processes or natural selection. The study emphasizes that chromosomes do not accurately reflect social dynamics or preferences. Archaeological findings, particularly from the El Sidrón site in northern Spain, suggest a patrilocal system where males remained within their groups while females circulated more freely. This pattern aligns with behaviors observed in many primate species, indicating a deeper social structure among Neanderthals. Furthermore, evidence from sites like Goyet raises questions about violent interactions between groups, including cannibalism. Overall, the narrative surrounding Neanderthal and Sapiens interactions is complex, involving social hierarchies and exchanges rather than simple romantic encounters. The integration of genetic data with cultural anthropology is essential to fully understand the social dynamics of these ancient populations.