The Houthis, known formally as Ansar al Allah, are often simplified as a Shia militia or Iranian proxy, but their identity is deeply rooted in Yemen's Zaydi tradition. This movement emerged in response to historical grievances, particularly the marginalization of Zaydi regions following the 1962 republican revolution, which failed to establish inclusive governance. The Houthis advocate for a return to 'authentic' Zaydism, emphasizing resistance against injustice. Their rise to power was marked by significant events, including the second Palestinian intifada in 2000, which helped frame their narrative of resistance against perceived oppression from the West and Israel.

The Houthis transformed from a regional movement to a national power by seizing Sana’a, Yemen's capital, in 2014. Their control over the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, a vital maritime route for global trade, has heightened their importance on the international stage. Despite facing military interventions from a Saudi-led coalition, the Houthis have maintained their position, illustrating the challenges faced by external forces against movements embedded in local society. Their ideological alignment with Iran and support for Palestine complicate regional dynamics, challenging traditional sectarian divides and emphasizing their role in broader geopolitical conflicts.