A report by Human Rights Watch indicates that government forces in Burkina Faso have killed over 1,200 civilians between January 2023 and August 2025, which is more than twice the number killed by militant jihadist groups. The report states that a total of 1,837 civilians were killed during this period, and the actual death toll may be significantly higher due to underreporting. The ongoing conflict has led to the displacement of over 2 million people, with many in need of humanitarian assistance. The report accuses both government forces and the jihadist group Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity. Notably, government forces are alleged to have executed 223 civilians, including 56 children, in an attack in the northern Yatenga province in early 2024. The targeting of the Fulani ethnic group has been described as a de facto policy of the government, with reprisals against villages accused of collaborating with jihadists. The military junta, which took power in 2022, has not succeeded in providing the promised stability, with over 60% of the country reportedly outside government control.