The Artemis II mission, launched recently, represents a new chapter in lunar exploration, diverging from the competitive spirit of the past. Unlike the Apollo missions, which were driven by the U.S.-Soviet rivalry, Artemis II focuses on collaboration among over 50 countries, including India, under the Artemis Accords. This mission will not land on the Moon but will prepare for future explorations, specifically targeting the Moon’s South Pole, where ice deposits could provide essential resources like drinking water and fuel for rockets. The astronauts will test life-support systems and navigation capabilities in anticipation of a planned landing in 2028, ahead of China's similar goals. The Moon's unique geological history offers insights into the solar system's past, making it a valuable site for scientific research. However, the Artemis Accords lack mechanisms for dispute resolution and compliance, raising concerns about potential conflicts in space exploration. As space exploration evolves, it is crucial to establish a responsible framework to prevent geopolitical tensions from overshadowing its potential benefits.