Limescale, a chalky deposit formed from hard water, is a common problem in electric kettles. It occurs when minerals like calcium and magnesium precipitate during heating. This buildup can reduce efficiency and alter water taste. Traditionally, vinegar has been used for descaling due to its acetic acid content, but it has drawbacks such as lingering odors and potential slippery surfaces. Recent research from the German Institute for Household & Environment and the UK Water Research Centre highlights citric acid as a superior alternative, effectively dissolving 92% to 96% of limescale in just 15 minutes, compared to vinegar's 25 to 45 minutes for 74% to 81% removal. Citric acid is biodegradable and less toxic, making it environmentally friendly. Baking soda is another recommended option, providing gentle cleaning through its mild alkalinity without unpleasant odors. For optimal results, it is suggested to use 1 teaspoon of citric acid per liter of water, simmering the mixture for effective descaling. Regular maintenance and preventive measures like water filtration can significantly reduce limescale accumulation, ensuring kettles remain efficient and clean.