The Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill 2026, proposed by the Narendra Modi government to amend the women's reservation law, was defeated in the Lok Sabha, receiving 298 votes in favor and 230 against, falling short of the 352 votes needed for passage. This marks the first defeat of a government bill since Modi took office in 2014 and the first failure of a constitutional amendment bill in the Lok Sabha since 2011. Following the defeat, the government withdrew two related bills: the Delimitation Bill 2026 and the Union Territories Laws (Amendment) Bill 2026, which were deemed interrelated by Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju. The 131st Amendment sought to raise the Lok Sabha seat ceiling from 550 to 850 and aimed to implement the women's reservation law, known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, by 2029 through a delimitation based on the 2011 census. However, this proposal faced opposition due to concerns over regional disparities and the inclusion of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in the census. Opposition leaders, including Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, criticized the government's approach, emphasizing their support for women's reservation but opposing the hasty delimitation linked to outdated census data. As it stands, the original 2023 law remains unimplemented, and the government must explore new options to advance women's reservation in Parliament.