The United States has officially ended sanctions waivers that previously allowed countries, including India, to import oil from Russia and Iran without facing US penalties. This decision, announced by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, is anticipated to tighten crude supply for Indian refiners who have been heavily reliant on these imports. In March 2023, India imported an average of 1.98 million barrels of Russian oil daily, the highest since June 2023, as it sought to capitalize on discounted prices following the Ukraine invasion. However, the average dipped to 1.57 million barrels in April due to maintenance at a major refinery. The end of the waivers comes as India, which imports about 90% of its crude oil, faces challenges securing supplies amidst global energy disruptions. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has raised concerns with US President Trump about maintaining secure oil flows, but the future remains uncertain as the US has not indicated any plans to issue new waivers. Meanwhile, around 4 million barrels of Iranian oil have recently arrived in India, marking the first imports from Iran in seven years.